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Compound Groups

Compound groups are groups of chemicals that share structural or chemical features. In most cases, hazard lists will assign hazards to individual substances. Compound groups are useful because in some cases, lists will instead identify a group of structurally similar compounds (such as lead compounds) as all having the same hazard. The Pharos staff is in the process of establishing and populating compound groups, and associating warnings from the hazard lists with them. The table below indicates how each compound group is populated, and what is the status of its population.
Compound Groups
COMPOUND GROUP NAME POPULATION STATUS DATE POPULATED DESCRIPTION PROFILE TYPE # MEMBERS # HAZARDS
Formaldehyde compounds, Urea formaldehyde based incomplete

This compound group was populated with chemicals in Pharos with both "urea" and "formaldehyde" in the name.

other 167 6
Fuel gases incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 15 1
Fuel oils, high-sulfur, Heavy Fuel oil, (and other residual oils) incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 6 1
FURANS incomplete

This compound group is defined by the SMILES string 'C1=COC=C1'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system.

other 0 2
Gas oils (oil sand) (and hydrotreated) incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 2 0
Gas oils (petroleum), treated fractions incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 15 0
Gases (petroleum), refined, and recovered Refinery gasses incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 88 0
Gasoline (automotive, refined, processed, recovered, and other unspecified fractions) incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 8 1
Glutethimide and its salts incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. structure 1 1
Glycidyl ethers incomplete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

The SMILES string "COCC1CO1" captures all glycidyl ethers but is not specific enough as the only filter. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system.

other 2 2
GLYCOL ETHERS incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 3479 5
Glycol ethers acetate incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 2 0
Glymes incomplete

This compound group is defined by the SMILES string 'COCCOC'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system.

other 6 0
Glyphosate and salts - OEKO-TEX complete fixed list 4 0
Gold compounds, inorganic in progress This compound group is defined by the SMILES string '[Au]' and subsequently filtered to remove substances containing '[C]'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system. other 0 1
Guanethidine and its salts incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. structure 1 1
Hafnium compounds in progress This compound group is defined by the SMILES string '[Hf]'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system. element 1 0
Halogenated diaryl alkanes incomplete 4 1
Halogenated diphenyl methanes 3 1
HALOGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS incomplete

This compound group is defined by the SMILES string 'C[F,Cl,Br,I]'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system.

structure 40390 4
HALONS GROUP incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 11 0
HBCD ISOMERS (US EPA TRI PBTs) incomplete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

5 1
HBCDD / HBCD isomers complete

This compound group is defined by the SMILES/SMARTS string "C1CC(C(CCC(C(CCC(C1Br)Br)Br)Br)Br)Br" and populated from a substructure search of PubChem. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system.

 

 

structure 32 11
Heterocyclic Amines (Selected, US NTP) incomplete

This list is populated from https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/pubhealth/roc/listings/h/heterocyclic/summary/index.html:

2-Amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo [4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ) - CASRN 77094-11-2
2-Amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo [4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) - CASRN 77500-04-0
2-Amino-1-methyl-6- phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) - CASRN 105650-23-5

fixed list 3 0
HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE ISOMERS in progress

This compound group should include additional isomers. We're starting with 1,2,3,4,5,6 hexaclorocyclohexane isomers, which can be represented by the SMILES string C1(C(C(C(C(C1(Cl)[H])(Cl)[H])(Cl)[H])(Cl)[H])(Cl)[H])(Cl)[H]. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system.

structure 6 9
hexachloroplatinates incomplete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

structure 1 1
hexachloroplatinates with the exception of those specified elsewhere in Annex VI of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 incomplete

This compound group is populated by taking the more general compound group and subtracting the chemicals found in the relevent Annex.

0 9
Hexahydromethylphthalic anhydride and its isomers incomplete This compound group is defined by the SMILES string 'C1CCC2C(C1)C(=O)OC2=O'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system. This isomer group populated from SIN List 2.1 other 5 0
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride and isomer group incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 3 0
Hexane isomers incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 5 2
Hexane, 1,6-diisocyanato-, homopolymer, reaction products with alpha-fluoro-omega-2-hydroxyethyl-poly(difluoromethylene), C16-20-branched alcohols and 1-octadecanol incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 0 1
Highly Fluorinated Substances incomplete

The chemicals in this list are taken from many sources, including:

  • The Swedish Chemicals Agency (KEMI) Report 7-15 Occurrence and use of highly fluorinated substances and alternatives. https://www.kemi.se/en/global/rapporter/2015/report-7-15-occurrence-and-use-of-highly-fluorinated-substances-and-alternatives.pdf
  • Global Database of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) at http://www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/portal-perfluorinated-chemicals/
other 17080 4
highly halogenated, carbon-based materials incomplete other 1180 1
Hydrastinine and its salts incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. structure 1 1
Hydrazides and their salts, Isoniazid incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. structure 1 1
Hydrazine salts incomplete

This compound group is defined by the SMILES string '[NH2D3][NH2D3]'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system.

structure 86 22
Hydrazines incomplete

This compound group is populated from its subgroups, which include methylhydrazines, dimethyl hydrazines, and phenylhydrazines https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/cancer/npotocca.html

other 97 4
Hydrobromofluorocarbons incomplete

This compound group was populated from the 2016 GADSL list at http://www.gadsl.org/

other 58 1
Hydrocarbons, treated and distilled, various fractions and residues incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 58 0
HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS (HCFC) incomplete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

other 128 4
Hydrofluoric acid, its normal salts, its complexes and hydrofluorides incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. structure 2 1
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), short-chain incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 25 2
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) incomplete

This compound group was populated from the 2016 GADSL list at http://www.gadsl.org/

other 34 1
Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) incomplete

This compound group does not have a definition yet.

structure 3 0
Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and cyanide salts (CN salts) incomplete

This compound group is populated by the 5 CASRN listed in the US EPA IRIS review Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Salts (CASRN Various) at https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/subst/0060.htm. This IRIS document is reference 5 in the Prop 65 listing at https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/proposition-65/chemicals/032213cnisormadl.pdf

fixed list 6 16
Hydroxy-Chlorobiphenyls incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 0 0
Hydroxylamine salts in progress This compound group is defined by the SMILES string '[NH3+]O.[*-]'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system. other 0 1
Inks containing 30% acrylic acid, 30% hydroxy-propanoic acid CAS# 79-33-4, 25% bronze powder (copper CAS # 7440-50-8 and tin CAS #7440-31-5, 10% ethanol CAS # 64-17-5 and 4% white spirit. [79-10-7, 79-33-4, 7440-50-8, 7440-31-5, 64-17-5] 0 1
Inorganic chloramines incomplete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

The following three SMARTS strings would be expected to capture all chloramines but there are unknown errors when searching PubChem

[ND1][ClD1] plus

[ClD1][ND2][ClD1] plus

[ClD1][ND3]([ClD1])[ClD1]

For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system.

other 3 1
inorganic compounds of mercury with the exception of mercuric sulphide and those specified elsewhere in Annex VI of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 incomplete

This compound group is populated by taking the more general compound group and subtracting the chemicals found in the relevent Annex.

121 63
Inorganic silver, salts incomplete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

other 0 3
Inorganic zinc, salts in progress

This compound group is defined by the SMILES string '[ZnD0]' subtracting '[ZnD0].C' . For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system.

other 0 2
Iodinated Organic Compounds incomplete This compound group is defined by the SMILES string 'C[I]'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system. structure 356 4
Iron Oxides (MAK list of 4) complete

This compound group is populated from the MAK list.

fixed list 6 1
Iron salts (soluble) incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 0 1
Iron-Zinc compounds incomplete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

structure 3 11
Isoeugenol Isomers incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 3 1
Jet Fuels, JP-4, JP-5, JP-7 and JP-8 incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 1 0
Lasalocid, salts incomplete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

other 0 1
Lead carbonates incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. structure 0 67
LEAD COMPOUNDS in progress This compound group is defined by the SMILES string '[Pb]'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system. element 1144 59
lead compounds with the exception of those specified elsewhere in Annex VI of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 incomplete

This compound group is populated by taking the more general compound group and subtracting the chemicals found in the relevent Annex.

other 960 70
Lead compounds with the exception of those specified elsewhere in Annex XVII of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 incomplete

This compound group is populated by taking the more general compound group and subtracting the chemicals found in the relevent Annex.

other 960 61
LEAD COMPOUNDS, ALKYL incomplete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

One approach would be to use the SMILES string 'C[Pb]' and remove substances containing 'c[Pb]' (lowercase specifies aromatic). There are technical challenges since PubChem doesn't seem to provide an option to distinguish between aromatic and aliphatic carbons. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system.

other 110 81
LEAD COMPOUNDS, INORGANIC in progress This compound group is defined by the SMILES string '[Pb]' and subsequently filtered to remove substances containing '[C]'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system. other 409 66
LEAD COMPOUNDS, ORGANIC in progress This compound group is defined by the SMILES string 'C[Pb]'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system. structure 235 66
Lead Compounds, Soluble incomplete

This Compound Group is populated from a list provided in the National Toxicology Program's 14th Report on Carcinogens at https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/content/profiles/lead.pdf.

"Lead compounds may be divided between those compounds that are relatively soluble in water and those that are relatively insoluble in water. Compounds are considered soluble or insoluble based on the following criteria: (1)  If a solubility constant (Ksp) is available, a compound with a value greater than or equal to the Ksp for lead chloride (1 × 10–4) is considered soluble. (2) If a Ksp is not available, a compound is considered soluble if more than 2 g of the compound dissolves in 100 mL of water. (3) If no numeric solubility data are available, the compounds are considered soluble or insoluble according to the general rules of solubility. The major soluble lead compounds are lead acetate, lead acetate trihydrate, lead chloride, lead nitrate, and lead subacetate"

6 60
Lead sulphates incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. structure 0 67
Lobeline and its salts incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. structure 1 1
long-chain perfluoroalkyl sulfonate (C6 and higher) incomplete

This compound group was populated by a substructure search in PubChem using the SMILES string for PFHS (perfluorohexanesulfonate), replacing terminal CF3 with CF2 to allow for longer chain lengths:

C(C(C(C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[O-])(F)F)(F)F)(C(C(F)F)(F)F)(F)F

structure 97 28
long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (C8 and higher) incomplete

This compound group was populated by a substructure search in PubChem using the SMILES string for PFOA, but replacing the terminal CF3 with CF2 to allow for longer chains:

C(=O)(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)O

Esters and ethers were manually removed.

structure 78 38
Lubricating oils (petroleum), various treated, extracted fracions, Baseoil - unspecified incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 14 0
Lubricating oils, - used, distilled, refined used, and treated fractions incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 7 0
Lysergide and its salts incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. structure 1 1
magnesium alkyls incomplete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

other 0 3
magnesium salts, fatty acids, C16-18 and C18 unsaturated, branched and linear incomplete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

other 0 1
Malachite green salts incomplete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

other 0 5
Manganese Compounds, soluble incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 0 8
Mannomustine and its salts incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. structure 1 1
Mefeclorazine and its salts incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. structure 1 1
Mephenesin and its esters incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. structure 1 1
MERCURY COMPOUNDS in progress This compound group is defined by the SMILES string '[Hg]'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system. element 1484 53
MERCURY COMPOUNDS, ALKYL incomplete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

Substructure searches in PubChem cannot easily distinguish between aliphatic and aromatic carbons. If it could, the compound group would be defined by the SMILES string 'C[Hg]' and subsequently filtered to remove substances containing 'c[Hg]' (lowercase specifies aromatic). For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system.

other 486 58
Mercury Compounds, Alkyloxyalkyl and aryl mercury compounds incomplete

The list can be derived from the PIC Rotterdam Convention Annex III tables http://www.pic.int/Default.aspx?tabid=1132.

structure 30 58
MERCURY COMPOUNDS, INORGANIC in progress This compound group is defined by the SMILES string '[Hg]' and subsequently filtered to remove substances containing '[C]'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system. other 130 57
Mercury Compounds, Methylmercury incomplete This compound group is defined by the SMILES string '[CH3][Hg]'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system. structure 7 60
MERCURY COMPOUNDS, ORGANIC in progress This compound group is defined by the SMILES string 'C[Hg]'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system. structure 997 57
Mercury, organic compounds (MAK) complete

MAK provides the following criteria for the organic mercury compounds it flags as hazardous. This compound group is defined by the SMILES/SMARTS string "C[Hg]" and populated from a substructure search of PubChem.

"Organomercury compounds are characterized chemically by the covalent binding of one or two alkyl or aryl groups and covalent or ionic binding of a group such as halide,hydroxide, acetate, nitrate or phosphate to the mercury atom."

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/3527600418.mb743997orge0015

structure 965 57
Mescaline and its salts, 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenethylamine incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. structure 1 1
metal salts of thiocyanic acid incomplete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

structure 1 0
metal salts of thiocyanic acid, with the exception of those specified elsewhere in Annex VI of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 incomplete

This compound group is populated by taking the more general compound group and subtracting the chemicals found in the relevent Annex.

other 0 5
Metethoheptazine and its salts incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. structure 1 1
Metformin and its salts incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. structure 1 1
Methacrylates incomplete

This compound group is defined by the SMILES string 'CC(=C)C(=O)OC'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system.

other 36 2
Methapyrilene and its salts incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. structure 1 1
Metheptazine and its salts incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. structure 1 1
Methylarsenic compounds complete

This compound group is defined by a substructure search of PubChem the SMILES/SMARTS string "[As][CH3]". The setting "Remove any explicit hydrogens before searching" was deselected from the substructure search.

structure 398 49
METHYLENE DIPHENYL DIISOCYANATE (MDI) COMPOUNDS incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 15 4
METHYLHYDRAZINE SALTS in progress

This compound group is defined by the SMILES string '[CH3][NH][NH2]' or the SMARTS string '[CD1][ND2][ND1]'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system.

structure 1 8
Methylphenidate and its salts incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. structure 1 1